While you typically can’t access money from your 401(k) until you reach age 59 ½ or leave employment, the IRS allows hardship withdrawals for “immediate and heavy” financial needs in certain circumstances.
When you take a hardship withdrawal, you’ll be subject to income taxes, plus an additional 10% tax for early distribution unless you qualify for a penalty exemption. And unlike a 401(k) loan, you cannot repay the amount back to your account. The amount of your hardship withdrawal is also not eligible for rollover to another retirement plan or IRA. As a result, it will permanently reduce the value of the benefits you have saved for retirement.
Still, if you qualify, a hardship withdrawal can be an essential resource to help you overcome financial needs.
Who is eligible to take a hardship withdrawal?
To be eligible for a hardship withdrawal, you must have an immediate and heavy financial need that cannot be fulfilled by any other reasonably available assets. This includes other liquid investments, savings, and other distributions you are eligible to take from your 401(k) plan.
What is considered an immediate and heavy financial need?
The Guideline 401(k) plan recognizes the following circumstances as eligible for a hardship withdrawal:
Some medical care expenses (as described in Section 213(d) of the Internal Revenue Code) for you, your spouse, your primary beneficiary or your dependents.
Costs directly related to the purchase of your principal residence, excluding mortgage payments.
Tuition, educational fees, and room and board expenses for the next 12 months of post-secondary education for you, your spouse, your primary beneficiary or your dependent.
Required payments to prevent your eviction from or foreclosure on your principal residence.
Payments for burial or funeral expenses for your deceased parent, spouse, children, primary beneficiary or other dependents.
Expenses to repair damage to your principal residence that would qualify for the casualty deduction.
Costs directly related to losses from a federally declared emergency at your primary residence or place of work.
What are the limits on hardship withdrawals?
When taking a hardship withdrawal, the following rules will also apply:
The minimum amount you can request is $1,000. If your vested account balance is less than $1,000 you will not be able request a hardship distribution.
You can receive no more than two hardship distributions during a plan year (calendar year for all Guideline 401(k) plans).
The amount requested may not be more than the amount needed to relieve your financial need, but can include any amounts necessary to pay taxes or penalties reasonably anticipated.
You are currently employed with the company sponsoring the plan and are under age 59 ½.
What are the tax consequences of taking a hardship withdrawal?
The portion of your hardship withdrawal taken from your pre-tax account balance will be included as taxable income for the year you took the distribution. Additionally, unless you qualify for a penalty exemption, the full amount of the hardship withdrawal will be subject to an additional 10% penalty tax.
Unlike most other distributions from a 401(k) plan, hardship withdrawals are not eligible to be rolled over to another retirement plan or IRA. Because they are not eligible for rollover, you will be given the option if and how much federal tax you want withheld from your distribution. You should consult with a tax advisor when determining your withholding rate as withholding too little may result in underpayment penalties when you file your taxes for the year.
How do I request a hardship withdrawal from Guideline?
If you need to take a hardship withdrawal from your 401(k) at Guideline, you can submit a request directly from your Guideline dashboard. To do so:
Click on the Transfers button in the main navigation.
Within the menu, select Take money out. Then, click the “Withdraw or borrow” option.
Enter the purpose or reason for your hardship withdrawal request.
Input the amount you would like to withdraw, then hit the “Calculate” button.
You’ll then be presented with all the withdrawal options available to you, as well as important information about each. If you’re eligible for a hardship withdrawal, select that option on the page. In the event you are not eligible, that selection will be grayed out, and you’ll see an explanation of why.
Image is for illustrative purposes only.
Next, you'll be provided with important terms or details regarding the distribution. Once you’ve read through the information, click the button to move forward, and you’ll be guided through the application process.
After you submit a hardship withdrawal request, you can keep track of the status by accessing the Activity page under the Transfers menu. You’ll also receive email notifications as you hit different milestones in the process, such as when your application has been approved or when the funds are on the way.
What documentation will I need to submit with my application?
You will not need to submit any documentation with your application to prove that you meet all of the qualifications to take a hardship withdrawal. As part of the application, you will certify that you meet all of the requirements to receive a hardship withdrawal.
You will be responsible for saving any documentation necessary to prove that you met the requirements (e.g., bills, invoices, legal documents) and providing such documentation in case of an IRS audit.
How long do hardship withdrawal requests take?
Once you submit your hardship withdrawal application, it will be reviewed. Generally this takes less than a day. However, if there are any questions about your application, additional review time may be needed. Typically, this further review takes 5-7 business days.
You’ll receive an email notification to let you know if you’re approved. If approved, you’ll also receive a final notice when your funds are on the way.
Please expect about 7-10 business days to receive checks through USPS mail. If you elected to receive the funds via direct deposit, please allow 2-3 business days for the funds to settle in your bank account.
What if I don’t qualify for a hardship withdrawal?
If you do not meet the requirements or regulations of a hardship withdrawal, you may qualify for a 401(k) loan. You can learn about 401(k) loan eligibility here.